Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Great Gatsby (677 words) Essay Example For Students

Incredible Gatsby (677 words) Essay Incredible GatsbyTime reveals to us that achievement regularly accompanies a cost. Regularly cash will createmore issues than it can settle. The extravagance of a people soul can be hiddenin the folds of cash. Such is the situation of Jay Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is constantlyaltering in the perusers mind because of the different baffling occasions that transpirein the novel making a degree of puzzle. For one thing, Gatsby is a man who feelssecure in his security and permits not many individuals into his own life due tolack of trust. Jay frequently tosses parties at his luxurious house, just to recoil awayfrom contact with his different visitors that skip in his secretly subsidized slams. He doesn't drink, primarily on the grounds that he has a significant level of levelheadedness that cannotbe undermined by the impacts of liquor. At the point when the storyteller, Nick Carraway, isallowed to wander into Gatsbys individual life Gatsby discloses to Nick just what hefeels is important to shield him from being dubious. The creepy thing about thisis that while doing this he is monitored to such an extent that Nick regularly questions how concreteand honest the data is. While examining his past Gastby is rough anduncomfortable enlightening Nick concerning his instruction and war encounters. Just whenGatsby produces a metal of valor earned in the war scratches have confidence in his warservice stories. And still, at the end of the day Nick makes some hard memories trusting Gatsbys educationalbackground as a result of his awkward assertion that he went to Oxford, avery lofty English college. Trust is definitely not a solid purpose of Gastbysmakeup and way of life. In this ma nner, when taking a gander at Gatsbys most impressivetraits one thing that springs up is his lively grin, energetic character, andloyalty to the individuals who he regards or thinks about. It is critical to make reference to thefact that Gatsby consistently appeared to cause each individual to feel significant and at easewhile speaking with him. It was his temperament to communicate kindness to any visitor hecame in contact with, regardless of how inconsequential they were or what theiroccupation was. Undoubtedly, it is best spoken to in hisdevotion to Daisy Buchanan. With his cash and reputation he could have easilyhave had various love openings. He relinquished all openings for affection as hestoked the coals attempting to touch off a past fire with a wedded ladies. Indeed, even whenJay and Daisys relationship was over in the perusers mind Gatsby still clungto an expectation of having an existence with her. He dependably remained at her home to the weehours of the morning, persuad ed her significant other was a live wire that could emit andphysically rebuff his better half. This he showed to a ladies that is incomprehensible tolove anybody yet who faces the her in the mirror. Further progressively, all the thingsthat Gatsby had buckled down for at long last surrendered him and prompted hisunfortunate demise. For the entirety of the commitment he gave Daisy she couldnt possiblylove a man who was in obscure professional interactions, or might corrupt herimpeccably clean appearance in the public eye. The cash that he had aggregated andthose who helped him amass it tumbled to wayside after his demise. MeyerWolshiem, who announced that he made Gatsby in to the man he was didnt evenattend his memorial service. Neither did Daisy or the various visitors that meandered thegrounds of his domain on various ends of the week. What a disgrace to think about all thepeople who had profited for the benefit of Gatsby not to try and go to the funeral,even given the conditions e ncompassing his riches. The man who to such huge numbers of wasa puzzle and of significant spiritualist kicked the bucket in an awkward way which permitted othersto keep up their ruinous ways of life with an absence of result. Lastly,The Jay Gatsby that everybody got impressions will consistently be a puzzle to many. .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b , .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b .postImageUrl , .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b , .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b:hover , .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b:visited , .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b:active { border:0!important; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b:active , .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd3 9795b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9b30d1b2cc7624d591e666e9dd39795b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Child misuse and savagery against families EssayHis life was a case of the highs and lows of the American dream. Thepitfalls and levels that he ventured show profound understanding into The United Statesin the 1920s. The entirety of his character characteristics spoke to various things todifferent individuals just to end in his own trivial death. At long last it was, andwill consistently be appalling for a real existence that it not yet lived to the fullest to beextinguished.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Free Essays on Parenthood

Unreasonably Busy For Discipline In the film â€Å"Parenthood† there are a few useless families. Diane Wiest’s family is by all accounts the most useless of the four. Some may feel that her family’s issues are exaggerated and don’t exist in today’s society. Nonetheless, Diane Wiest’s family is a decent portrayal of the run of the mill current family since like Wiest’s family today’s families manage such issues as absence of connection, truant guardians, single parenthood, impoliteness, and the weights of life. In Diane Wiest’s family there is next to no social communication between relatives. At whatever point Helen sees her insubordinate child, she delightedly welcomes him â€Å"Gary†. Be that as it may, Gary never cooperates with his mom. He just maintains a strategic distance from her and goes out. At the point when Helen asks Gary inquiries at times he will reply however with just single word sentences. This is as close as their relationship gets. This absence of collaboration is regular in present day families, particularly single parent families. Generally the parent works continually and in this manner can’t invest the energy required with her kids to build up a sound relationship (Divorce 254). In this manner, the kid feels segregated so when the parent has time to interface with the youngster, it is hard on the grounds that it is practically similar to they are conversing with an outsider. Another difficult Helen has is her wanton little girl Julie, who is having pre-marriage sex with her beau Todd. At whatever point they connect it is a result of something negative. Like when Helen incidentally gets the photographs or when Julie is having issues with Todd. Helen shows her out, and she weds Todd and gets pregnant. Before long they are both living with Helen. Pre-marriage sex is an issue that current families need to manage. Sex is wherever on TV, motion pictures, and the Internet. All the more then 50% of multi year-olds have had pre-marriage sex (Beck). Numerous guardians kick their ch... Free Essays on Parenthood Free Essays on Parenthood Unreasonably Busy For Discipline In the film â€Å"Parenthood† there are a few useless families. Diane Wiest’s family is by all accounts the most useless of the four. Some may feel that her family’s issues are exaggerated and don’t exist in today’s society. In any case, Diane Wiest’s family is a decent portrayal of the common current family since like Wiest’s family today’s families manage such issues as absence of communication, truant guardians, single parenthood, rudeness, and the weights of life. In Diane Wiest’s family there is next to no social cooperation between relatives. At whatever point Helen sees her insubordinate child, she happily welcomes him â€Å"Gary†. Notwithstanding, Gary never cooperates with his mom. He just maintains a strategic distance from her and goes out. At the point when Helen asks Gary inquiries once in a while he will reply however with just single word sentences. This is as close as their relationship gets. This absence of collaboration is normal in present day families, particularly single parent families. Normally the parent works continually and accordingly can’t invest the energy required with her youngsters to build up a sound relationship (Divorce 254). Along these lines, the youngster feels separated so when the parent has time to interface with the kid, it is hard on the grounds that it is practically similar to they are conversing with an outsider. Another difficult Helen has is her indiscriminate little girl Julie, who is having pre-marriage sex with her sweetheart Todd. At whatever point they collaborate it is a result of something negative. Like when Helen incidentally gets the photographs or when Julie is having issues with Todd. Helen shows her out, and she weds Todd and gets pregnant. Before long they are both living with Helen. Pre-marriage sex is an issue that advanced families need to manage. Sex is wherever on TV, films, and the Internet. All the more then 50% of multi year-olds have had pre-marriage sex (Beck). Numerous guardians kick their ch...

Thursday, August 13, 2020

Book Riots Deals of the Day for September 5th, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for September 5th, 2019 Sponsored by hibooks the club for audiobook lovers. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Women Talking by Miriam Toews for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Never Stop Walking: A Memoir of Finding Home Across the World by Christina Rickardsson, translated by Tara F. Chace for $0.99.  Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals The Female Persuasion by Meg Wolitzer for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. One Summer: America, 1927  by Bill Bryson for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): Bäco: Vivid Recipes from the Heart of Los Angeles  by  Josef Centeno and Betty Hallock for $1.99 The Lesson by Cadwell Turnbull for $0.99 Just Kids  by Patti Smith for $1.99 The Sun Does Shine: How I Found Life and Freedom on Death Row  by Anthony Ray Hinton for $2.99. When They Call You a Terrorist by Patrisse Khan-Cullors and Asha Bandele for $2.99. Eloquent Rage: A Black Feminist Discovers Her Superpower by Brittney C. Cooper for $2.99. Moxie: A Novel by Jennifer Mathieu for $2.99. The Complete Poetry by Maya Angelou for $1.99 Leah on the Offbeat by Becky Albertalli for $2.99 The Gurkha and the Lord of Tuesday by Saad Z. Hossain for $3.99 Parrot in the Oven: mi vida by Victor Martinez for $1.99 The Black Tides of Heaven (The Tensorate Series Book 1) by JY Yang for $3.99 Let it Shine by Alyssa Cole for $2.99. The Tigers Wife by Téa Obreht for $4.99 Down the Darkest Street by Alex Segura for $0.99. The Banished of Muirwood for $3.99. Let Us Dream by Alyssa Cole for $2.99. A Curious Beginning (A Veronica Speedwell Mystery Book 1) by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 Romancing the Duke: Castles Ever After by Tessa Dare for $2.99 A Little Book of Japanese Contentments: Ikigai, Forest Bathing, Wabi-sabi, and More for $1.99 The Book of the Unnamed Midwife by Meg Elison for $1.99 The Murmur of Bees by Sofia Segovia for $1.99 The Murders of Molly Southbourne by Tade Thompson for $3.99 Feel Free by Zadie Smith for $3.99 Mapping the Interior by Stephen Graham Jones for $3.99 Shuri (2018 #1)  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 The Only Harmless Great Thing by Brooke Bolander for $1.99 Rosewater by Tade Thompson for $2.99 The Black Gods Drums by P. Djèlí Clark for $1.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $1.99 My Soul to Keep by Tananarive Due for $0.99 All Systems Red: The Murderbot Diaries by Martha Wells for $3.99 Jade City by Fonda Lee for $2.99 A Big Ship at the Edge of the Universe by Alex White  for $2.99 Silver in the Wood by Emily Tesh for $3.99 A Curious Beginning  by Deanna Raybourn  for $2.99 Storm Front  by Jim Butcher (Book One of the Dresden Files)  for $2.99 Guapa  by Saleem Haddad for $1.99 Hogwarts: an Incomplete and Unreliable Guide  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 Short Stories from Hogwarts  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 The Paper Magician by Charlie N. Holmberg for $1.99 The Girl with the Red Balloon by Katherine Locke  for $1.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel José Older for $2.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman for $0.99. The Haunting of Tram Car 015 by P. Djèlí Clark for $3.99 A Quiet Life in the Country by T E Kinsey for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng for $4.99 Binti  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 Binti: Home  by Nnedi Okorafor for $2.99 Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 Instant Pot ®  Obsession: The Ultimate Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook for Cooking Everything Fast by Janet A. Zimmerman for $2.99 Tell the Truth Shame the Devil by Lezley McSpadden with Lyah Beth LeFlore for $0.99 Magic Bites by Ilona Andrews for $2.99 Once Ghosted, Twice Shy by Alyssa Cole for  $1.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 In Search of Lost Time: Volumes 1-7  by Marcel Proust  for $0.99 Prime Meridian  by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $3.99 The Mirror Empire by Kameron Hurley for $2.99 Soy Sauce for Beginners by Kirstin Chen for $3.99 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 A Curious Beginning by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Causes Of Mass Incarceration - 1755 Words

The Road to Mass Incarceration†¦ IT has been said that ‘The road to hell is paved with good intentions’. This maxim known in some form around the world has stood for a relatively simple meaning, that, regardless of the ‘intent’ behind an action, it is the result of that action that matters. Now, this can be applied directly to the problem that has plagued the United States of America since the mid-1970s, that of mass incarceration. Mass incarceration is the ‘high rate of incarceration in the United States†¦ that is markedly above the historical and comparative norm for societies this type’(Western 28). This produces a ‘systematic imprisonment of whole groups of the population’(Western 29), specifically the black and brown communities found†¦show more content†¦The late U.S. Supreme Court Justice and Civil Rights Activist, Thurgood Marshall, once said that the ‘intent is evident in the results’ to mean ‘when we intend to do good, we do, [and] when we intend to do harm, it happens†¦ our intent always comes through’. Former President Bill Clinton said that he didn’t intend to cause an increase in prison expansion, yet, under his administration ‘the incarcerated population rose from 1.3 million to more than 2 million’ (Kilgore 66). In 8 years, the Clinton administration managed to increase ‘federal, state, and local corrections expenditures†¦[to] $57 billion a year’ (Kilgore 32). His administration also implemented the Omnibus Crime Bill and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 which ‘cut the rights and opportunities for people with felony convictions’ (Kilgore 32) and ended the welfare assistance that once existed. None of these actions actually brought about the safety of U.S. citizens, because at the time of Bill Clinton’s presidency, crime rates were decreasing. Yet, despite this downward trend in priso n population rates the Clinton administration ‘enacted notoriously harsh narcotics penalties in the †¦ three-strikes legislation in the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, and more capital crimes with fewer appeals in the Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 and theShow MoreRelatedRacial Disparities Of Mass Incarceration1572 Words   |  7 PagesRacial disparities in mass incarceration Introduction Mass Incarceration in the United States has been a large topic of choice because rapid growth in the prison and jail populations, the long sentences the inmates face, and the inability for some inmates to incorporate themselves back into society. Since the 1970’s the U.S. prison population quadrupled from 158 to 635 people per 100,000, causing the U.S. to gain the title of country with the highest incarceration rate. (Massoglia, Firebaugh, Read MoreCriminals Must Be Punished For Breaking The Laws Of The Land1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthe system of incarceration. Jails have functioned in our society to protect citizens, or those who obey the constitution. For years, our jails were able to separate criminals from obedient citizens as well as punish criminals for their wrong doings. In the past, people have questioned whether this system was effective or not. Now, we have shifted our focus onto how much longer our jails will exist due to our lack of resources. The longer we wait to find a solution to mass incarceration the harder theRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Law1014 Words   |  5 PagesMass incarceration is known as a net of laws, policies, and rules that equates to the American criminal justice system. This series of principles of our legal system works as an entrance to a lifelong position of lower status, with no hope of advancement. Mass incarceration follows those who are released from prison through exclusion and legalized discrimination, hidden within America. The New Jim Crow is a modernized version of the original Jim Crow Laws. It is a modern racial caste system designedRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1667 Words   |  7 Pagesexceptional blacks there are no excuses for all blacks to succeed. Although, Michelle Alexander’s book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color Blindness, challenges American’s colorblindness by bringing to light the mass incarceration of African Americans. Jim Crow laws are no longer legal, but there is a new way to segregate: mass incarceration. The mass incarceration of blacks has created a racial underclass; a population with second-class status based on their criminal records (AlexanderRead MoreThe Political And Economic Factors Of The War On Drugs872 Words   |  4 Pagesuncovers the system of mass incarceration: a system comprised of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control criminals both in and out of prison. The greatest instigator of mass incarceration is the War on Drugs. Rather than combat drug activity, the War on Drugs has served as a deliberate strategy to control people of color and remove them from the political process, which is racist in both application and design. Alexander suggests that the War on Drugs and mass incarceration constitute a rebirthRead MoreThe Effects Of High Incarceration On The United States879 Words   |  4 PagesThe vast societal effects from mass incarceration have caused an increasingly alienated po pulation to form in the U.S., which can be broadly classified in the dual areas of lasting effects and impacts to the family unit. First, the lasting effects of high incarceration rates are that they impact the rights of the convict, particularly African Americans. For example, noted civil rights attorney Michelle Alexander posits that the long term effects of mass incarceration operate to deny black AmericansRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On Families, Communities, And Society1400 Words   |  6 Pagesa problem and many refuse to believe or even acknowledge that there is one. However, the United States has paved the way to create a cycle of endless incarceration for many people but especially for those of color. Such as the 1994 Violent Crime Control Act and the lack of substance abuse treatment in prisons. Overwhelmingly, mass incarceration has had a great impact on families, communities and society as a whole. As illuminated through the parable by inmate Joe M artinez, this continued cyclingRead MoreThe New Jim Crow And The Article On The Myth Os Mass Incarceration853 Words   |  4 PagesCrow and the article on the myth os mass incarceration, I was surprised to see how different they really were. The book is suggesting that mass incarceration is in fact the new Jim Crow, while the very title of the article infers that mass incarceration is a â€Å"myth† and is something that is not actually happening. That being said, I believe there are many ways in which Michelle Alexander would respond to this article in order to defend the topic of mass incarceration, and the fact that it is African-AmericansRead MoreThe Basis for Cridme Deterren ce in the United States964 Words   |  4 Pagesreaching consequences for criminal offenders and completely ignores the true goal of incarceration, to rehabilitate the offender for reintroduction into society. Mass incarceration as a means of criminal rehabilitation in the United States is extremely flawed. There are many far-reaching consequences of this practice that not only affects the incarcerated but larger society on a whole. The phrase mass incarceration, according to Oxford Encyclopedia, refers to â€Å"comparatively and historically extremeRead MorePrison Overcrowding And The United States1555 Words   |  7 Pagesshould not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones.† The prisons in the United States have been overcrowded for many years and require a change in order to fix this. Some of the main causes for prison overcrowding that will be covered in this paper are mass incarceration, long sentencing, recidivism, and prisoners of drug crimes. Overcrowding of prisons in the United States is a major issue that affects not only the prisoners themselves, but taxpayers and politicians. Although

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

What Is a Cartilaginous Fish

Cartilaginous fish are fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage, rather than bone. All sharks, skates, and rays (e.g., the southern stingray) are cartilaginous fish. These fish all fall into the group of fish called the elasmobranchs. Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fish In addition to the difference in their skeletons, cartilaginous fish have gills that open to the ocean through slits, rather than the bony covering that is present in bony fish. Different shark species may have different numbers of gill slits. Cartilaginous fish may also breathe through spiracles, rather than gills. Spiracles are found on top of the heads of all rays and skates, and some sharks. These openings allow the fish to rest on the ocean bottom and draw oxygenated water in through the top of their head, allowing them to breathe without breathing in sand. A cartilaginous fishs skin is covered in placoid scales, or dermal denticles, tooth-like scales different from the flat scales (called ganoid, ctenoid or cycloid) found on bony fish. Classification of Cartilaginous Fish Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Elasmobranchii Evolution of Cartilaginous Fish Where did cartilaginous fish come from, and when? According to fossil evidence (primarily based on shark teeth, which get preserved much more readily than any other part of a shark), the earliest sharks evolved about 400 million years ago. Modern sharks arrived starting around 35 million years ago, and megalodon, white sharks, and hammerheads came about 23 million years ago. Rays and skates have been around longer than us, but their fossil record dates back to about 150 million years ago, so they evolved well after the first sharks. Where Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Cartilaginous fish live all around the world, in all kinds of water - from rays that inhabit shallow, sandy bottoms to sharks that live out in the deep, open ocean. What Do Cartilaginous Fish Eat? A cartilaginous fishs diet varies by species. Sharks are important apex predators and may eat fish and marine mammals such as seals and whales. Rays and skates, who primarily live on the ocean bottom, will eat other bottom-dwelling creatures, including marine invertebrates such as crabs, clams, oysters, and shrimp. Some huge cartilaginous fish, such as whale sharks, basking sharks, and manta rays, feed on tiny plankton. How Do Cartilaginous Fish Reproduce? All cartilaginous fish reproduce using internal fertilization. The male uses claspers to grasp the female, and then he releases sperm to fertilize the females oocytes. After that, reproduction can differ among sharks, skates, and rays. Sharks may lay eggs or give birth to live young, rays give birth to live young, and skates lay eggs that are deposited inside an egg case. In sharks and rays, the young may be nourished by a placenta, yolk sac, unfertilized egg capsules, or even by feeding on other young. Young skates are nourished by a yolk in the egg case. When cartilaginous fish are born, they look like miniature reproductions of adults. How Long Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Some cartilaginous fish may live for up to 50-100 years. Examples of Cartilaginous Fish: Whale SharkBasking SharkGreat White SharkThresher SharksSkatesSouthern Stingray References: Canadian Shark Research Lab. 2007. Skates and Rays of Atlantic Canada: Reproduction. Canadian Shark Research Lab. Accessed September 12, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Shark Basics. Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History.  Shark Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History.  Ray and Skate Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Martin, R.A. Evolution of a Super Predator. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Accessed September 27, 2011.Murphy, D. 2005. More About Condricthyes: Sharks and Their Kin. Devonian Times. Accessed September 27, 2011.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Why My Education Is Important Free Essays

Why My Education is Important? I often dream about having a successful career in the business world, but to achieve this goal, I must have an education. Education is extremely important to me. In the business world, success depends on lots of knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Why My Education Is Important or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion, education is the foundation of life, and it also increases my knowledge around the world. However, the most important thing about education is that education opens up the window of opportunities. The world of business is a very complicated place in which to survive. For example; the stock market can change it’s mood every single day. What I mean by that is, a stock can change its value at any moment. People who are involved in the stock market struggle between becoming poor or becoming rich. To be able always to stay on the winners side, I need lots of education. Education helps me to make good decisions in the business world and for my life. Not just in business, education will also benefit me throughout my life, personally and socially. An education should help me to have less financial problems. It will enable me to become independent. My educational experiences have provided me with many opportunities to solve problems in every day life. The education which I have received in history classes,for instance, has provided me with cultural information from every country. I believe education will help to build a circle of people who will be important to me in my career in the future. In summary, why education is important to me? Education helps me to understand the business world. It prepares me for a better future and numerous other things of which at this time I am unaware. The most important reason education is so important to me is that education opens windows for me and it gives me opportunities for a better quality of life. My parents and many of my teachers (Mrs. Kirker, Coach Bowman and many more) care about my education. They explain why education is important to me almost every time they have a chance. As a responsible teenage adult, I need to focus on my education and elevate my educational level, so that my chances of having a difficult future will be less! How to cite Why My Education Is Important, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Management and Supply Function free essay sample

It should be emphasised from the outset that purchasing and supply management is executed as an integrated part of the firms broader management (as part of the logistics management or supply chain management approach) *Purchasing and supply PLANNING is part of the firms general planning, mainly because the continuous supply of raw materials components services is of a strategic importance to the enterprise. The supply market is just as important for the firms survival continued profitability as the sales market is the firms own product. Firms general planning must be integrated. *The ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE of the purchasing and supply function should be aimed mainly @ linking into the firms overall structure in the most effective way. The purchasing and supply function primarily renders a service to the enterprise. *Purchasing and supply COORDINATION should be aimed @ harmonising and aligning the activities of the purchasing and supply function with those of the other business functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Supply Function or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When a firm vests the authority for the purchasing and supply function in 1 person or team. Advantages: gt;Standardisation of materials and products is possible because purchases are made at one point gt;Purchasing and supply staff are afforded the opportunity to become experts gt;Control over all aspects of the purchasing and supply function is improved gt;Administrative costs are reduced by eliminating duplication DECENTRALISED PURCHASING SUPPLY ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE Purchasing by different departments, branches or plants, while each of them enjoys an important measure of autonomy of decision making regarding the purchasing and supply function. Advantages: gt;Better liaision can be effected between decentralised purchasing and supply functions and the user functions of individual plants served by the purchasing and supply function gt;The needs users can be better satisfied because the purchasing and supply function knows them better gt;Different plants maintain their autonomy. Plant managers are often fully responsible  for the profitability of individual plants. According to the combined approach, common requirements of the different plants such as equipment and certain categories of raw materials, are purchased centrally head of office. The plants purchasing and supply functions are assisted by corporate   purchasing and supply in developing policies, procedures, and control measures, recruiting and training staff, auditing the   purchasing and supply performance of the plants. The main coordinating mechanisms of purchasing and supply management with other functions in the organisation, and with suppliers and customers, are definitely computer systems such as electronic data interchange(EDI), materials planning (MRPII) and distribution requirements planning (DRP). TWO TYPES OF COORDINATION Between purchasing and supply and other functional areas Purchasing coordination is lateral acts in an advisory/support method to the other functions in the enterprise. Between p and s and the supplier system Two dimensions to the coordination between p and s function and the supplier system. Firstly there is coordination with the whole supplier system and secondly with the individual suppliers. The flow of products and services from the supplier has to be effective, the p and s function has to ensure that coordination between them and the supplier ensures this occurs. This can be achieved by means of supplier alliances, integrated systems and inter-organisational teams. The supplier must become an extension of the buying enterprise. The chief coordinating mechanisms available to p and s management are open communication, strategic alliances, integrated systems, the conscious motivation of suppliers and standardisation of specifications, purchasing documents and purchasing procedures. CONTROL : PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE PURCHASING AND SUPPLYFUNCTION Control may be defined as a systematic attempt to reach objectives or set standards that accord with the enterprises goal, to observe actual perform- ance and compare it with the set standards, and to take corrective steps with a view to achieving the mission and goals of the enterprise. Objectives and basic principles of performance evaluation P and activities are complex, needs to have a control system. Feedback   on actual performance(measured against quantitative norms). This ensures that the p and s strategy is implemented at the various levels in the company. With this the p and s manager can monitor and improve the functions actual performance. Control ensures that all the other functions with p and s work optimally.

Thursday, March 26, 2020

Doing Business in Hong Kong

Introduction The report below talks of doing business in Hong King. It addresses the business structure, communication style, and management style adopted by businesses in Hong Kong.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Doing Business in Hong Kong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the report talks of the etiquette of business meetings in Hong Kong, the role of women in business, dress code, and successful entertaining. Background to Business in Hong Kong Although Hong Kong only has a population of approximately 7 million people, there are over 470,000 SMEs in the country (CIA-The World Factbook 2012). This is an indication of the vitality, hunger and health of the Chinese business community. If you intend to do business in Hong Kong, it is important to first study the business environment in the country as it will be affected by issues like the decision-making process, management style, and attitudes. The se issues may affect the long-term relationship of a business partnership. Country History and geography Hong Kong is made up of the Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula, the Stonecutters’ Island, and the New Territories that borders mainland China. In 1841, China surrendered the island of Hong Kong to Britain (CIA-The World Factbook 2012) Geographically, Hong Kong is located in Eastern Asia and it borders China and the South China Sea. Business Structures The structure of business in Hong Kong is influenced by the colonial history of the island and the business practices in China. Most multinational organisations demonstrate a ‘managed’ approach (AGC Seminars 2008).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, majority of the SMEs in Hong Kong have been founded and are controlled by Chinese families. The SMEs are characterised by a centralised decision m aking process owing to the family connection. Management Style Due to the rich Chinese heritage, Confucian thinking influences the management style of businesses in Hong Kong. Although local ideas have also been influenced greatly by many years of colonial rule, such century old beliefs like seniority and respect for the aged are still upheld by the Hong Kong people (Mayerbrown n.d.). As such, managers in Hong Kong like to adopt a paternalistic approach while dealing with subordinates and the subordinates are expected to implement instructions given by their seniors with little or no objection. The decision making process tends to be centralized as many local firms are entrepreneurial in nature. Meetings The etiquette of business meetings in Hong Kong varies markedly, based on the type of firm in question. For example, multinationals are likely to adhere to the standard meeting style with regard to minutes, agendas, etc. Conversely, small firms are more informal in their meetings (R unckel Associates 2005). When dealing with either the multinationals or the local firms, foreign businesspersons are advised to address the senior person during business meetings, even if they do not speak fluent English. Business discussions tend to be polite and diplomatic but voices and emotions could be raised when things are not going according to plan. The Hong Kong people accept gifts during business meetings as they signify the development of a business relationship. Team Working Hong Kong is a Confucian society and as such, it culture is largely group-oriented, with the family forming the strongest group ties. This means that people in Hong Kong are more likely to make effective group members as long as there is a safe and harmonious group environment (Communicaid 2009).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Doing Business in Hong Kong specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When it comes to choosing long-term loy alty for team members, people in Hong Kong will always prefer family members. The manager is expected to issue instructions to team members, who are in turn expected to foster a close working relationship with the manager. Team managers are expected to provide complete and clear instructions as anything left out may not actually get done. The maintenance of ‘face’ by group members is important and as such, it is important to avoid mocking co-workers as this may lead to ‘loss of face’. Communication styles Although Hong Kong was under the British rule for long, English is still not universally spoken. Most employees working at the large corporations are very fluent in English, but this fluency tends to reduce as the size of the firm decreases. As such, a foreign businessperson should be expected to encounter communication difficulties (Hong Kong Planner n. d.). Owing to western influence, the Chinese in Hong Kong are by far more direct in comparison with the other Asians. Such directness is mainly confined to peer-level discussions as opposed to the higher ranking employees. Women in Business Women are influences business decisions in Hong Kong, especially in the larger multi-nationals. However, some SMEs still retain the conventional Confucian attitude towards the role of women in the workplace (Communicaid 2009). Working in Hong Kong is not a big bother for visiting female businesspeople although the views of their male counterparts are more likely to be listened to keenly.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dress Code In Hong Kong, the dress code differs slightly based on the industry sector and size of the firm. Men can wear shirts, ties, and dark suits. Women can also wear conservative business suits as well, although wearing of skirts is preferred to trousers (AGC Seminars 2008). Summer time is always hot and humid in Hong Kong and typhoons tend to be common. Top Tips Few conglomerates dominate business in Hong Kong. There are all kinds of businesses, and SMEs dominate the business environment in Hong Kong. Business relationships rarely affects a deal in Hong Kong Most Chinese businesses are family-run, and the oldest members of the family are the decision makers. The Confucian values affect the management style of businesses in Hong Kong Family members are preferred in businesses that require long-term loyalty Owing to the Confucian roots, team working in Hong Kong companies is largely group-oriented. Giving of gifts is acceptable in Hong Kong as it signifies the development of a business relationship. Successful Entertaining Business entertaining is very common in Hong Kong, and the inviting party always pays for the food. During meals, avoid topics like human rights and politics, but topics such as sports, the weather, family, and education are common (Communicaid 2009). Eating everything on the table is considered an impolite gesture as it means that the host did not give you enough food. Slurping and belching after a meal is welcome as it signifies appreciation. Facts and figures Hong Kong has an estimated population of 7 million people with a land area of 1,075 sq km. The HK dollar is the national currency in Hong Kong, while the country’s GDP is estimated at US$ 211bn (CIA-The World Factbook 2012). In addition, 46 percent of the population in Hong Kong traces their roots to China. Conclusion If you are interested in doing business in Hong Kong, it is important to first learn about its history, geography, and business etiquette, cultural, social and economic factors affecting the country as they will also affect the way business is done. Reference List AGC Seminars 2008, Business Culture in Hong Kong. Web. CIA-The World Factbook 2012, Hong Kong.  Web. Communicaid 2009, Doing Business in Hong Kong| Hong Kong Social and Business Culture: A Hong Kong Overview. Web. Hong Kong Planner, Doing Business in Hong Kong.  Web. Mayerbrown, Guide to doing business in Hong Kong. Web. Runckel Associates 2005, Business and social etiquette in Asia: Hong Kong. Web. This report on Doing Business in Hong Kong was written and submitted by user Giancarlo Alvarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Friday, March 6, 2020

The eNotes Blog New! eNotes AnnotatedTexts

New! AnnotatedTexts As the Literature Experts, we’re excited about learning and obsessed with reading. We love books in all forms- from dusty tomes found in the back of used bookstores to sleek, new e-reading technologies. Because of the wide accessibility of digital reading, its no surprise that digital texts are becoming increasingly popular in and out of the classroom. To further our commitment to accessible education and literature, were excited to unveil Annotated Texts! Our digital text library features hundreds of works of public domain literature available to read online now for free. These texts have been annotated by our staff of literary experts, helping readers engage more meaningfully with these important literary works. Let’s take a look at five major benefits of annotated texts. The Benefits of Annotated Texts 1. Affordable Alternative to Printed Books One of the most appealing advantages of a digital library is its cost benefits. On average, students are spending $1,168 per year on textbooks while 94% of United States teachers reported spending their own money on classroom supplies. Digital texts eliminate the cost of shipping and delivery, which ultimately saves people money (and trees!). With hundreds of free books already available, plus new additions every month, our digital texts are an accessible alternative to purchasing hard copies of public-domain texts. Utilizing digital texts will eliminate the need to purchase books in print, while ensuring the texts do not get lost or damaged. 2. Helps Develop Close Reading Skills Close reading is a valuable skill for students to learn in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of a text. It’s a skill that helps students formulate an analysis of the entire work rather than summarizing what they’ve read. When individuals are told to teach or perform close readings, they often lack examples. Our annotations serve as models for teachers and students so that they can practice how to effectively conduct a close reading and become familiar with the process before dissecting intimidating pieces of literature. 3. Easy to Obtain We understand that finding and creating quality teaching and study aids can be time-consuming. That’s why we’ve compiled our annotated texts within their corresponding study guides to ensure you can access all relevant information in one place. With a vast library of study guides that include summaries, analyses, and criticisms, there are tons of supporting resources to accompany digital texts. Teaching students to actively engage with a text will help them stay focused and retain more information. 4. Creates an Inclusive Learning Environment Every student has a different learning style, so it’s important for teachers to create an inclusive learning environment where their students feel supported and inspired to learn. With a wide range of teaching resources that pair with digital texts, teachers can spend more time focusing on what types of material will help their students succeed rather than creating content themselves. Plus, the mobile-friendly addition of annotated texts allows students to read and research hundreds of titles from the palm of their hand. 5. Encourages Quality Interactions Teachers are responsible for creating effective and engaging curriculum that promote meaningful interactions among their students. Adopting annotated texts in a teaching curriculum allows teachers to create interactive activities for their students. Annotated texts allow teachers the ability to communicate with their students through shared annotations and notes. Teachers can highlight specific areas of digital texts to facilitate group discussions or create learning activities. This is also a great way for teachers to point out specific content for students to review and prepare for future assessments.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Debate paper in intellectual properties Assignment

Debate paper in intellectual properties - Assignment Example In the absence of these protection laws, individual’s original ideas would be plagiarized and exploited by unethical participants in a given economic environment (Gollin 23). Therefore, the concept of intellectual property proves advantageous in numerous ways including; Intellectual property in form of a patent protects an individual’s or a company’s original knowledge from duplication by competitors and other unethical parties. Fortunately, the government issues patent owners with the sole right to use an underlying intellectual property for a specified period of time (Tavani and Spinello 41). Currently, advancement in science and technology leads to a corresponding increase in inventions and related knowledge. These new scientific information and technological designs could offer great benefits to business organizations upon application. Undeniably, an inventor or researcher responsible for development of a new piece of information may have invested intensively not only in terms of finances but also in labor hours. In this context, duplication of intellectual property without the owner’s permission would amount to an instance of economic exploitation. Therefore, intellectual property rights are instrumental in preventing expl oitation from competitors. In March 2014, Samsung and Apple Inc ended a patent infringement dispute in court. Allegedly, Samsung duplicated the ’slide to unlock’ feature of Galaxy Nexus smart phones without permission from the feature’s inventor, Apple Inc. Consequently, Samsung paid Apple $120 million in damages. In this context, existence of intellectual property rights prevented further exploitation of Apple’s patented information by its competitor. In another case, SanDisk is seeking to prevent exploitation of its flash memory cards by Apple Inc. Aside from being the plaintiff in Samsung vs. Apple case; Apple Inc also infringes patents of other competitors (Reed 01). As of September 2014, Apple Inc was being sued

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Evidence in the case of Donald who May have Hit Doris Essay

Evidence in the case of Donald who May have Hit Doris - Essay Example Doris provides what is called the ‘master narrative’ as well which is defined as a story that has cultural context through which the specific story is given a deeper meaning.3 The ‘master narrative’ that Doris has created is that of the abused female by a male aggressor. Through this narrative, the context of the rest of the evidence is presented. Ann Ann overheard a statement by Doris at the party. That statement was â€Å"Stop hitting me Donald† and that it was made in a state of duress. Except for the accused, the spouse of an accused, or the children of an accused, there is an assumption made in English law that all witnesses that are brought forth with be competent and compellable.4 The narrative is how the story of the events is constructed, starting with the story of the victim, but then moving to the corroboration of witnesses. Ann’s function is to corroborate the story that Doris has related that led to charges against Donald. Ann†™s testimony is hearsay. Hearsay is defined as a statement that is made outside of the court which is given to prove the matter that is in process.5 Using the example of R v Xhabri, hearsay in the form of overhearing statements made by a victims were admissible through s114(1)(d) even when it was dismissible under s120.6 The reason for this admissibility is that the interests of justice overrode any benefit of dismissing the testimony.7 Ann’s testimony becomes complicated, however, by her former conviction. Under the Criminal Justice Act of 2003, provision 100, the bad character of an individual as it may pertain to guilt in relationship to their participation may be admissible.8 Under this provision, the witness’ character can be at issue when they may have criminally contributed or actually been the perpetrator of the crime. It has been used further to assess the credibility of a witness.9 In this case, Ann has been previously convicted of perverting the course of justice, which means she was part of a conspiracy to pervert the course of justice which is criminal and is a holdover of English Common Law.10 This means that at some point she participated in trying to falsely inform the court as to the truth of an action. It is likely that the evidence she presents will be thrown out or at the least minimized by introduction of her former conviction. Dr. Foot Dr. Foot, which for the purposes of this paper is assumed to be an expert in forensic investigation, has evidence of hair from Donald on the victim, Doris. Evidence must be relevant which was established in the Indian Evidence Act of 1872 which is still in effect and provides that there is a difference between logical evidence and legal evidence, supporting the concept of the best evidence theory. Best evidence theory has been overruled by the relevance of evidence on most trials, however, and in this one while the hair is best evidence, it does nothing more than establish Donald’s pr esence at the party which is not in dispute.11 The use of the Civil Evidence Act of 1972 provides for evidence created outside

Monday, January 27, 2020

Is the Family in Decline?

Is the Family in Decline? Introduction history of the family Most peoples idea of a normal household is a married couple with children. Does this longer correspond with the reality of peoples lives? In 2005 only 22 per cent of British households consisted of a couple with dependant children, compared with 35 per cent in 1971. (Fulcher J, Scott J, 2004 pg 446). Over several decades, Britain and other Western societies have seen a shift in family patterns and diverse roles, also divorce rate have risen significantly and there has been an increase in Reconstituted families formed from second marriages The family is often regarded as the basis of society; in pre-modern and modern societies alike is seen as the basis in which social organization takes place, for example socialising children, in the 1960s there was not discussion about the importance of family, at that family life was merely evolving with the modern times, the nuclear family which consist of a two generation household of parent and their children, was seen as well adapted to the demands of modern society. A classic definition of the family by George Peter Murdock (1949) The family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction. This includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially-approved sexual relationships, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults. Another type of family is the extended family, which includes the family members which extends vertically that would include three generations for example; grandparent and grandchildren, it also extends horizontally to include at least in laws cousins, aunts and uncles, and dependant on the perceptions and the boundaries of the family; determines how far this extends. From a functional perspective the family purpose is to work as a social institute, and according to (Haralambos Holborn 2008) the family performs four basic functions in all societies which are termed the sexual, reproductive economic and educational these are deemed essential for social life because without reproduction there would be no members of society, also without economics there would no provisions for providing food and therefore life would cease to exist, and without education as suggested by George Murdock there would be no culture and he suggests therefore that human society could not function. However according to Parson (in Parsons Bales 1956) the family social institution developed to meet two such needs that the family, and only the family, met: the needs for primary socialization and personality stabilization Primary socialisation was the process through which children obtain the basic values of society from the family from an early age. And adult personality is stabilized through the family to give emotional support through marriage, and to create an opportunity for adults to satisfy childish impulses that they could not do in public, for example playing games with their children. Parsons suggested that the nuclear family was particularly suited the nuclear family because the nuclear family roles were specialized due to one adult earning money through paid work, and the other adult bringing up the children, therefore with there being one breadwinner this was quite important factor in the industrial society due to high rates of change, this meant that this type of family were more geographically mobile and they would also keep the world of work and family separate, as industrial societies were concerned with achievement and universalism; this meant that people were rewarded according to achievements and judged according to universal standards of qualifications, and competence, the family however operated on a opposite basis; where the values of ascription and particularism; thus, status was ascribed on who one was, for example, husband of, wife of, parents would do their best to advance their children, therefore if this overlapped into the workforce this cause conflict. Marxist perspective states the capitalist system exploits the free domestic labour of the housewife through domestic labour, and that child rearing should be considered as family activities outside the operation of the capitalist economy but instead an essential part of it. This view is taken because the male breadwinner can then do longer hours, because the wife is at home tending to children and the domestic work; children were seen as the process of reproduction of labour by creating submissive workers. Due to the male bread winner being put under pressure from the work place to work much harder and faster, and quite often carrying out tedious and repetitive work in very poor conditions, which they would have very little control therefore the family was seen as an outlet for the tension and frustration, and the bullied worker may restore their self-esteem by bullying their family. Although the wife plays a significant role in the capitalist economy, she would get no pay. Some housewives worked in paid employment at a low wage, and acted as a reserve army which could be drawn into work when there was a shortage of labour, and returned back home when demand was low, therefore the nuclear family created an additional supply of cheap labour. Some sociologist argue that the family has lost certain functions in modern industrial society, and they suggest that institutions such as political parties and school, and welfare organisations are performing functions of the family, Talcott Parsons argues that the family has become functionless on the macroscopic levels. However not all sociologist agree with this idea, and they actually think the opposite, according to Ronald Fletcher, a British sociologist stated in The Family and Marriage in Britain (1966)that the family has retained its functions but also those functions have increased in detail and importance and specialised institutions such as schools and hospitals have added to and improved the family functions, rather than suspended them, some example of these changes are the expectations of the parenting role; they are expected to do their best to guide, encourage and support their children through education and their. Young and Wilmott (1973) claim that the symmetrical family is developing where spouses are sharing domestic, work and leisure activities; these types of relationships are called joint conjugal roles as opposed to segregated roles which previously meant the marital roles of husband and wife were largely segregated. In the symmetrical family, conjugal roles have become more joined, the wife still has primary responsibility for housework and child rearing, however husbands have become more involved with domestic chores like doing the washing and ironing, and share the decisions that affect the family The structure of the British family has shifted significantly over the last 50 years, a major influence of this is through the decline of marriage and the rise in cohabitation according to the Office of National statistics 2008 Due to the changes in marriages, divorce and cohabitation to the growing number of new types of families Two in five of all marriages are now remarriages, which makes step families one of the fastest growing family forms in Britain, currently making up one, in the decade to 2006, the number of single parent families also increased to 2.3 million, making up 14% of all families in ten of all families.18. Ethnic diversity is on the increase due to the increase of international migration is another source of diversity, for example the structure of Afro-Caribbean and Asian families; looking at the diversity in relation to origin and considerations of how these have changed in the context of British society. According to (Elliot 1966; Berthound 2000) the lower-class Afro-Caribbean family is centred on the role of the women, and marriages are weakly institutive and low due to the men wandering; therefore the women commonly head the households, and relationships between mothers and children are much stronger than those between fathers and children, and family life tends to be supported by other women other than the biological mother. African-Caribbean women have been more economically active than women from other ethnic groups, and see paid work as a basis fro financial independence and are more likely to control the use of their earnings than Asian or White women, however this is only made possible by the sharing of the mothering role with other women. There are considerable cultural difference between south Asian nationalities that have come to Britain, however there are similarities, for instance families from rural areas in South Asia typically have extended forms of family, that include three generations in one household and are organized through a network of males, are bound together through religious beliefs in brotherhood and family loyalty. Marriages are arranged and seen as a contrast of two families. According to young and Willmott the home centred symmetrical family is more typical of the working class than the middle class, they suggest that the working class are more fully home-centred because they are less fully work-centred; and this is due to compensating for uninvolved and boring work, and because little interest is expected at work, and manual workers tend to focus more attention on family life, therefore according to Young and Wilmott see work as a major influence on family Migration to Britain severely disrupted extended families of this kind and for many women this has left them socially isolated at home and unsupported by the kin. Sikh household have become more focused on couples and women have renegotiated traditional patterns, through greater independence through paid work, however in contrast Pakistani and Bangladeshi cultures have been limited to homework or family business by Islamic prohibition of contact with unrelated men, this has lead to women being exploited as cheap labour and confined to the home. Many sociologists are concerned about what they see as the decline in marriage and family life, and they see this as a threat to the family, for example Brenda Almond (2006) believes that the family is fragmenting, there is also an increase in the legal and social acceptance of marital breakdown, cohabitation, gay and lesbian relationships and so on. Colin Gibson (1994) claims through the development of modernity this has increased the likelihood of conflict between spouses due to much emphasis upon the desirability of individual achievement, Gibson believes that people now live in an enterprise and free-market culture of individualism in which the licence of choice dominates The last 100 years have seen changes in legislation, technology, attitudes and expectations  that have led to a massive feminisation of the workforce since the second world war, also widespread contraception leading to deferred decisions about the start of families; and divorce, remarriage and cohabitation becoming much more acceptable. A relaxation of societal attitudes towards marriage means it is no longer seen as unusual to be involved in a complicated family structure. Families are no longer just made up of married parents living with their children. Although seven in ten households are still headed up by married couples, this proportion has been declining for some time. Families are now a mix of cohabiting parents, stepfamilies, single parent families, those living apart together and civil partnerships, as well as the traditional nuclear family.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

The emphasis (of MBO)

 «The emphasis (of MBO) is on trying to predict and influence the future rather than on responding and reacting by the seat of the pants. It is also a ‘results-oriented† philosophy of management, one of which emphasizes accomplishments and results. The focus is generally on change and on improving both individual and organizational effectiveness. » A successful implementation of MBO in any country requires a narrow examination of such elements as customs and traditions of that country, which give support to the application of MBO. These elemets are higly influenced by the history. Starting from the early centuries, Russian people got accustomed to live under the central rule when the tsar was the only decision-making body in the country. The communication between the rulers and ruled was flowing only one-way. The landlords, owning the farmers, set quotes to farmers without thinking whether they would be able to achieve them. Afterwards, when the bolshewiks came to rule instead of the monarchy, the same thing happened. Working for a state enterprise, the employees didn†t have a chance to set objectives for their work they performed. The central planning department set quotes, by which all the organizations had to obey even if those planks were set too high to reach. Workers were responsible for reaching organizational goals no matter for at what costs, but on the other side the means by which they had to reach the organizational goals were predetermined by the central planning department. So, we can see that the word  «central », which  «disables » MBO, was quite common and used heavily thrughout the whole history of Russia. Nevertheless, I would say, there were some elements of MBO such as rewarding the employees when they exceeded the quotes set by the central department. Reward was very seldom material. Usually, you would have received a red flag for an excellent work, and your photo would have been printed in the organization†s newspaper. In addition to the rewards, people were working for a common purpose: to reach the communism. And each piece they had produced contributed to this goal. Anyway, this system of rewards worked; it was a good source of motivation although it was resting solely in the willigness of the employees to contribute to the process. Factors that influence management in Russia After we had examined the historical factors that influence the application of MBO, let†s come down to determine factors that influence overall management in Russia now. As a result, it gives also some impact on the ability of MBO to be successful in this country. The first and also the most important factor is the social one. Managing an organization became a real challenge for managers during these hard times. Their decisions are highly influenced by the social environment surrounding the organization. Such a factor as, for instance, values goes hand in hand with the organization†s purpose (profit) in Western societies, but Russian people†s values are different. Russians, as they got accustomed that the only aim of the organization is to contribute to the public welfare, can†t and do not want to understand that the transition to capitalism and, particulary, to a free market economy will delete all the organizations that don†t bring profit that is at least enough to cover the expenses. That is why, for instance, formerly free hospitals are forced to charge fees. No matter whether it is for-profit or non-for-profit organization. It happened so that every organization should make money to live on. As Russia has been passing its stage of transition to a free market economy for only 7 years, there is a lack of specialized managers. Formerly, the best profession was considered to be a physician, but starting from 1991, people realized that the economy needed skilled managers (and employees), lawyers, etc. So, at the time being, there are only a few organizations that are led by professional managers and the rest by, for instance, doctors and teachers; as a result, Russia has a high rate of firm†s failures. The overall atmosphere of distrust has created such a situation where it is difficult to deal with any firm. You are afraid of being cheated; as a result, people are more likely to go for help to a state-owned organization than to a private one. Political instability in Russia explains why organizations in this country are so highly centralized. Due to need of the availability to adapt to the continuously changing situation, which requires application of conceptual skills, managers are forced to have a total control over their  «child », no matter how big the organization is. Lack of important laws creates another challenge for the Russian managers; however, for some of them it is an advantage, for instance, for Mafia. Such an important function of management as planning, which is important for MBO in order to be successful, can†t be realized fully because of ever changing situation. The manager can†t predict the future and plan for the organization because of the uncertainty about the future. That is why in Russia, also called  «the country of wonders », it is more likely to fail in business than in other countries. Another challenge for a manager is to run an organization under economic instability. The heavy dependence on the foreign investments from the USA, World Bank, IMF etc. contributes to factor of uncertainty: no investments – economic recession. In addition to that, the main financial resources are concentrated within a small group of people, called  «semibojarshina », owning the largest firms in Russia. And these become more and more involved in the political process. They extract resources, pass laws only if they are advantageous for their companies. The rest can only watch this  «game ». Focusing on the USA has led to copying the Western way of life, trying to produce goods and services like Americans without actually having knowledge or background in it. All these factors put pressure on the managers and influence the relationship between managers and employees, which is a prediciding factor for applying the MBO approach to a particular organization. Relationship between the employer and the employee MBO offers people a field within which to penetrate. Workers have a relative freedom of choice in deciding which means to choose for reaching a stated goal. They are motivated through reward given to individuals on the basis of how close they come to reaching their goals. Under MBO people should be self-directed and should like their work, and, of course, any MBO program is based on responsibility and proposes democratic leadership. Throughout the previous paragraph we can see that MBO works best under Theory Y. In order to know whether individual†s way of thinking about workers enables MBO to exist in this country, I†ve taken twenty Russian people (all work for Russian organizations) and tried to get out their assumptions about workers. The result was as follows. From the results we can see that most participants stuck to the Theory X, the theory that incorporates people who do not like work, must be forced to do the job, are motivated through the threat of punishment, see their personal gain in job security, and deslike responsibility. Under such conditions, an autocratic leadership is necessary. And only 4 people prefer the Theory Y. The theory that incorporates that people do not dislike work, work through self-direction, are motivated through recognition & reward, see their personal gain in fulfillment, and accept responsibility. Under such conditions a democratic leadership is possible. We see that the Theory Y, which enables MBO, got only 20%. From this research, I†ve proved my assumptions that the way of thinking about workers does not allow any MBO program to be implemented successfully. An impact on MBO has also the system of expectations, so it is important to know what different counterparts (employer and employee) expect from each other. To know what a Russian employer expects from a Russian employee I†ve asked 5 Russian people that are running companies to fill out a questionnaire. The result was the following. The second answer crosses out to ability of MBO to be successful. It does not allow an employee to be creative, to be able to set objectives together with the superior†¦ So we can see that the employer is not  «mentally » ready to apply the MBO approach at the time being. To know what a Russian employee expects from a Russian employer I†ve asked 15 Russian people that are working for Russian organizations to fill out a questionnaire. The result was the following. Nobody has mentioned any of the MBO†s characteristics (ability to set objectives,†¦). That gives us much food for thoughts. If employees† primary goals, while working for an organization, do not match the MBO†s gains (advantages), then MBO won†t be advantageous for the employees. As a result, the question arises  «Why should employees be for the application of MBO at their organization? »

Friday, January 10, 2020

Pakistan Media

Media enhance the knowledge of public and communicates all the happenings to the public. Media industry of Pakistan is growing fast with much potential and seemingly bright future ahead. Media should not use negative tools to increase their viewership. Role of media in Pakistan is getting quite irresponsible; as there are so many talk shows and political debates on the screen all the time and sometimes they seems to be crossing their limits. Media should work in its limits and according to some rules and regulations. Besides spreading exaggeration, Pakistani media should resolve the matters with positive attitude.Media is supposed to be responsible for the present society, trends, norms, values and so on. People are what they see, around them. Media reflects the society and it is the responsibility of media to expose the country to the whole world. Role of media in Pakistan cannot be neglected; Pakistani media relates dramas, movies, sports, news and entertainment and so many feature s to the people. Its dramas reflect society and happenings and issues in the society not only to the people of Pakistan but also to the whole world, news channels alarm the people about all the current happenings, within and outside the country.MASS MEDIA IN PAKISTAN 1. We are living in the age of information explosion, where the world has shrunk into a global village. 2. The vital function of Mass Media is that it is the thinking mode of any society. Following are the types of Mass Media: – (a)Print Media (b)Electronic Media (c)Interactive Media 3. Tools of Media. Since the media plays a war of words, the important tools Include ‘vocabulary’, being ‘vigilant about different developments’. (a)Reading. (b)Vigilant (c)Punctual (d)Alertness (e)Lingual Competence FACTORS FOR GROWTH OF MEDIA 1.Mass media is wholesaler of M. Communication. Pak inherited 05 radio channel son its birth. International Trend played important role in development of Mass Media i n Pakistan. Initial decades of Pakistani Media’s history have been dominated by PTV. 2. Government was compelled to permit freedom of media (a)Liberalization of airway in India led to mushroom growth of TV channels (b)In Kargil war India was able to sell its viewpoint to the world and cashed on its version while Pak suffered since it had only the state channel. (c)Economic boom in telecom in Pakistan.Commercial nature of Media was discovered in the economic advantages related to it. Revenue generated by Media in 2002 was 2 billion and in 2007 this soared to Rs. 17 Billion. (d)Literacy rate / level grew in Pakistan and played a role in media Development. (e)Arrival of cable operators / network and its growth held vision. (f)Govt policies played vital role, especially of President Musharraf. Javed Jabbar. Said â€Å"Media is more powerful then nuclear devices† he worked on PEMRA 3. Private sector was involved and posed challenge to state media.State Media to compete with Pvt Media has to improve and become more open and provide realistic stories, this reformed the State Media as well _ since realistic input was being provided by the Pvt Media. 4. Pak Media Market was in raw form and was untapped; it had the potential to grow. Phenomenon of community based radio channels i. e. FM channel, community based Services (print / elect) have played important role in media development. 5. Number of Press Media / Printing groups were permitted and have launched their TV channels e. . Jang Group – Geo, etc. 6. Mass media is the major source of providing news and entertainment to the people who wants to know who is doing what and what is happening. Aristotle in his book â€Å"Poetics† has written that â€Å"Media is a means of catharsis and is must for normal living†. 7. The entertainment and news value of media has played very important role its development. However, electronic media enjoys larger scope over print media, since it has wider audience, is easily accessible and be understood by even illiterate people.The media provides wide range of entertainment / news according to interest of people of different age groups / liking / languages. Talk Shows Mania has brought more liberalization and has revolutionized the concept since erstwhile taboo issues are being discussed enhancing the awareness of people. 8. The realization in the people and Government about the role of media in society / economic development is there. Indian soap operas have a large viewer ship and their popularity has attracted lots of commercials / advertisement. The commercial aspects attached to the media have contributed to its rapid development. . The Infrastructure Development has taken place. Modern state of art studios /introduction of latest equipment / communication facilities like video conferencing, fax, electronic data transfer, chat / mobiles, etc have brought in a revolution and contributed immensely in the media development. 10. T he advertisement / commercials have brought big money to media market. The contents of programmes are changing. The high economic stakes attached to the media have brought in Professionalism in all its related fields. Due open market, there is a Scarcity of professional media men 11.The abundance of media outlets has on one hand has created lot of employment opportunities but on the other has posed challenges to the media men to excel in their fields. Jang Group has more than 50,000 employees; media persons are getting enhanced wages. Today we have number of highly professional and well-known media persons who are stalwarts of Pakistani Media and form its backbone. 12. Dozens Of other factors have played role in the development of Pakistani Media. It has been a â€Å"watchdog† on actions of the state, people strengthened the media. Media has played important role in discussing un-touched subjects.It has helped harmonizing the nation on otherwise contentious issues. The compet ition among the channels is bringing in qualitative improvement in the content and other aspects of programmes MASS MEDIA IN PAKISTAN EFFECTS OF MEDIA 1. Level of Awareness. The level of awareness has increased. Media has contributed a lot in increasing the general knowledge, who is who and what is what, knowledge of current issues etc. The programmers having media discussions, current affairs, documentaries, etc have been instrumental in enhancing the common man’s awareness.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Ethical And Ethical Theories Of Ethics - 1103 Words

Ethical Analogy Opinions lead our society. Everyone is entitled to their reasoning and how strongly they feel that their approach to life is the right way. Moral beliefs are the stone foundation behind the way people think and their ethics. Look at morals as code of conduct. Each society has its own moral beliefs but come to an understanding that everyone’s entitled is clear. It’s a rule that’s not writing as a law but more so the common way. The act of a person behavior all falls into their ethical belief. Different people causes for different responds to a situation. Furthermore ethics’ is a way to solidify the difference between good, bad or wrong and right. Morally and ethically there is a wrong and right way to every issues we face however, no one can truly say what is right the proper behavioral response due to emotions that move us. One approach used to helping with ethics is Utilitarism. It is described as the means to an end. Created by John Stuar t Mill and Jeremy Bentham, this theory tries to answer moral questions with emotion of one and religion. The outcome is for the greater good of all or the most people. It’s the idea of putting other before you. The moral good is defined as the greatest happiness for the most amounts and the immoral would be the less good for the least amount. Kantian another theory that is very opposite of, Utilitarism means to end. It’s the law of not satisfying one’s own needs, created by Immanuel Kant. The two questions used asShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Theory Of Ethics898 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics also known as moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves the classification, defense and endorsement of concepts of right and wrong actions that govern an individual’s behavior. 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